Is Your 1900-S Morgan Dollar Real? How to Spot a Fake Proof-Like Gem

Introduction: The Authentication Challenge

Counterfeit Morgan Dollars are flooding the market, making authentication more critical than ever. The 1900-S Morgan Dollar presents unique challenges for collectors, especially when dealing with Proof-Like specimens that can easily be mistaken for altered coins or sophisticated counterfeits. Understanding the diagnostic points of this issue is essential for protecting your collection.

Historical Significance of the 1900-S Morgan

The 1900-S Morgan Dollar was struck at the San Francisco Mint during a period of robust production. With a mintage of 3,540,000 pieces, it’s neither particularly rare nor common, but certain specimens—especially those with exceptional preservation or Proof-Like characteristics—command premium prices. The coin’s composition of 90% silver and 10% copper creates specific wear patterns and toning that authentic specimens display, making metallurgical knowledge crucial for authentication.

Weight and Physical Properties

Authentic 1900-S Morgan Dollars should weigh precisely 26.73 grams with a diameter of 38.1mm. Any significant deviation from these specifications should immediately raise suspicion. The coin’s edge should display a reeded pattern with 177 reeds. Counterfeiters often struggle to replicate these precise specifications, making weight verification one of your first authentication steps. A precise scale is an essential tool for any serious collector.

Magnetic Properties Test

Since the 1900-S Morgan contains 90% silver, it should not be attracted to a magnet. A simple magnet test can quickly eliminate many counterfeit specimens, particularly those made from magnetic base metals or steel cores. However, be aware that some sophisticated counterfeits use non-magnetic alloys that can pass this basic test. This makes the magnet test a good first step, but not definitive proof of authenticity.

Die Markers and Mint Characteristics

Authentic 1900-S Morgan Dollars exhibit specific die characteristics that can help verify authenticity. The San Francisco Mint often produced coins with slightly different striking characteristics compared to Philadelphia issues. Look for:

• Sharpness of detail in Liberty’s hair and the eagle’s feathers
• Presence and clarity of the “S” mint mark (though some counterfeits can replicate this)
• Typical strike weakness on the eagle’s right wing (viewer’s left)
• Characteristics of the die polish lines, particularly in Proof-Like specimens

Common Fakes and Alterations

The 1900-S Morgan Dollar faces several common counterfeiting threats:

“I’m surprised by the PL guess. What makes you think the coin will appear proof like in hand?” – Forum user questioning the Proof-Like designation

This question highlights a critical authentication point. Many counterfeits attempt to replicate the reflective fields of Proof-Like coins but fail to achieve the proper depth and consistency of reflectivity. Common fakes include:

• Altered dates (changing 1899 to 1900, for example)
• Added mint marks (converting Philadelphia issues to San Francisco)
• Cast counterfeits with improper weight and surface texture
• Spark erosion counterfeits with characteristic surface roughness

Testing Methods for Authentication

Beyond basic weight and magnet tests, several methods can help authenticate your 1900-S Morgan:

Visual Inspection Under Magnification

Examine the coin under 10x magnification to check for:

• Proper flow lines radiating from the design elements
• Consistency of toning and patina
• Edge reeding quality and uniformity
• Surface texture consistency

Luster and Surface Analysis

The forum discussion revealed significant debate about luster quality: “The old fatty holder was likely conservative, as is CACG. PCGS will be a little looser. Overall clean looking with a few marks on the portrait, and luster is muted, but an attractive coin.”

Authentic Proof-Like specimens should display:

• Deep, mirror-like fields when rotated under light
• Consistent reflectivity across the entire surface
• Natural contrast between fields and devices

Die State Analysis

Examine the die state characteristics, particularly on the reverse. Late die state coins may show:

• Die cracks or breaks
• Weakening of fine details
• Polishing marks from die maintenance

The Proof-Like Designation Challenge

The forum revealed an interesting authentication challenge: “I’m surprised by the PL guess. What makes you think the coin will appear proof like in hand?” This highlights the difficulty in authenticating Proof-Like designations, particularly when examining photographs.

Key PL Authentication Points

When authenticating a Proof-Like 1900-S Morgan, pay special attention to:

• Field reflectivity depth and consistency
• Absence of cartwheel luster in the fields (a key PL characteristic)
• Natural toning patterns that don’t obscure reflectivity
• Device-to-field contrast quality

Professional Authentication Options

The forum discussion centered around third-party grading: “I crossed it over to CACG and it crossed at the same grade.” Professional authentication through PCGS, NGC, or CACG remains the gold standard for verification, particularly for high-value specimens.

Grading Considerations

The extensive forum discussion revealed the subjective nature of grading: “I’ll go with MS 64, due to marks on Liberty’s jaw and scratches/hairlines behind her head from approximately 2:00 to 4:00.” This highlights why professional authentication is crucial for valuable specimens.

Conclusion: Protecting Your Investment

The 1900-S Morgan Dollar, particularly in Proof-Like condition, represents both a historical treasure and a potential authentication challenge. By understanding the specific diagnostic points—weight, magnetic properties, die markers, and the unique characteristics of authentic Proof-Like specimens—you can better protect yourself from counterfeits and ensure your collection maintains its numismatic value.

Remember that when in doubt, professional authentication is always the wisest course of action. The investment in proper authentication far outweighs the potential loss from acquiring a counterfeit or altered specimen.

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