Preserving the FS-1943-D/D: A Conservationist’s Guide to Protecting Rare Coin Varieties

Understanding the FS-1943-D/D FS-513 (019.11) Variety

The FS-1943-D/D FS-513 (019.11) is an exceptionally rare die variety from the Denver Mint, with only one other specimen reported to exist. This makes it not just a collectible coin, but a piece of numismatic history. The ‘D/D’ designation indicates a repunched mint mark, where the ‘D’ mint mark was punched twice in slightly different positions, creating a distinctive doubling effect visible to the trained eye.

The Conservationist’s Perspective: Why Preservation Matters

I’ve seen too many valuable pieces ruined by improper cleaning or storage. Here is how to keep this safe for the next generation. With only two known specimens of this variety, preservation becomes paramount. Unlike common coins where minor damage might be acceptable, every detail matters for a coin of this rarity.

The Critical Question: To Clean or Not to Clean?

The answer is unequivocally NO. Never clean a rare coin, especially one of this significance. Cleaning removes the natural patina and can create microscopic scratches that permanently damage the surface. Even gentle cleaning with approved solutions can reduce a coin’s value by 50% or more. The toning, oxidation patterns, and even the dirt on this coin tell part of its 80-year history.

The natural toning on a 1943-D is part of its character. The zinc-coated steel composition makes these coins particularly susceptible to environmental damage, so any original surface preservation is valuable.

Understanding Toning and Oxidation on 1943 Steel Cents

1943 steel cents were struck on zinc-coated steel planchets, making them unique among U.S. coinage. The zinc coating initially gave them a bright, silvery appearance, but over eight decades, natural toning has occurred. This toning can range from golden hues to rainbow iridescence, and in some cases, the steel core may show through where the zinc has worn away.

The toning process is actually beneficial for preservation. A stable, even toning layer helps protect the underlying metal from further environmental damage. However, uneven toning or spots of corrosion indicate areas where the protective layer has been compromised.

PVC Damage: The Silent Killer of Coin Collections

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is found in many coin holders and flips manufactured before the 1990s. When exposed to heat and moisture, PVC can break down and release acidic gases that cause irreversible green slime damage to coins. For a rare 1943-D/D, PVC damage would be catastrophic.

Look for signs of PVC damage: green, slimy deposits, or cloudy haze on the coin’s surface. If you suspect PVC contamination, the coin should be removed from the holder immediately and stored in an inert environment. However, do not attempt to clean PVC residue yourself – this requires professional conservation.

Proper Holders: Creating a Safe Microenvironment

The right holder is your first line of defense. For a coin of this rarity, consider these options ranked by protection level:

• Archival Quality Flip Holders: Made from inert materials like polyester or polyethylene, these provide basic protection from handling and environmental contaminants.
• Airtight Capsules: These create a sealed microenvironment that prevents air exchange, crucial for preventing further oxidation.
• Temperature and Humidity Controlled Storage: The ideal environment is 65-70°F with 40-50% relative humidity. Avoid basements, attics, and areas prone to temperature fluctuations.

Handling Procedures for Maximum Preservation

Even with the best holder, improper handling can cause damage. Always hold coins by the edges, never touching the flat surfaces. Consider wearing clean, cotton gloves when handling, though some conservators prefer bare hands that have been washed and dried thoroughly – the key is ensuring no oils or contaminants transfer to the coin.

Storage Environment: The Long-Term View

Where you store your coin collection is as important as how you store individual coins. For a rare 1943-D/D, consider these environmental factors:

• Light Exposure: UV light can accelerate toning changes and potentially damage the surface. Store coins in dark conditions or use UV-filtering materials.
• Air Quality: Areas with high sulfur content in the air (near industrial sites or areas with volcanic activity) can accelerate toning and corrosion.
• Physical Security: Beyond environmental concerns, ensure your storage method protects against theft and physical damage from impacts or pressure.

Documenting Your Coin’s Current Condition

Before any storage changes, document the coin’s current state with high-resolution photographs from multiple angles, under consistent lighting. Note any existing toning patterns, marks, or characteristics. This documentation serves as a baseline for future comparison and is essential for insurance purposes.

Insurance and Security Considerations

With only two known specimens, this 1943-D/D variety represents a significant investment. Standard homeowners insurance typically doesn’t cover rare coins adequately. Consider specialized collectibles insurance that covers market value fluctuations and provides coverage for mysterious disappearance.

The Grading Question: Timing and Strategy

While the original discussion questioned whether grading was worthwhile, for a coin of this rarity, professional grading serves multiple purposes beyond just assigning a grade. A reputable grading service provides:

• Authentication of the variety
• Professional documentation of condition
• Secure, long-term storage in a sonically sealed holder
• Established market value through the grading service’s network

However, timing matters. If the coin shows any signs of instability (active corrosion, loose toning), stabilization by a professional conservator might be necessary before grading.

Conservation Ethics: When to Intervene

As a conservationist, I must emphasize that intervention should be minimal and only when necessary. For this 1943-D/D, the question isn’t whether to clean or enhance the coin, but rather how to prevent further deterioration. Active corrosion, for instance, might require professional stabilization, but this should only be done by experts using reversible methods.

Future Considerations: Passing Down a Legacy

Think beyond your ownership. This coin, being one of only two known specimens, carries historical significance that transcends its metal value. Consider creating a detailed provenance document that traces the coin’s history, includes your conservation efforts, and provides guidance for future caretakers.

Conclusion: The Value of Preservation

The FS-1943-D/D FS-513 (019.11) represents more than just a rare coin variety – it’s a tangible piece of history from a unique year in American minting. With only one other known specimen, its preservation ensures that future generations of collectors, historians, and researchers can study and appreciate this numismatic treasure.

By following proper conservation practices – avoiding cleaning, using appropriate holders, controlling the storage environment, and documenting the coin’s condition – you’re not just protecting an investment, you’re preserving a piece of American history. The toning, oxidation patterns, and even minor imperfections tell the story of this coin’s journey through time. Let’s ensure that story continues for generations to come.

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