Preserving the Legacy: Conservation of the James Earl and Laura Gardin Fraser Lincoln Cent Design

Introduction: A Conservationist’s Perspective

As a collector who’s witnessed the heartbreak of seeing priceless pieces ruined by improper handling, I can’t stress enough how crucial proper preservation is. These Fraser Lincoln cent plasters aren’t just artifacts—they’re irreplaceable works of art that deserve our utmost care. Here’s how to protect these treasures for generations to come.

The Historical Significance of the Fraser Lincoln Cent Design

The composite design by James Earl and Laura Gardin Fraser represents one of numismatics’ most fascinating “what if” moments. This proposed Lincoln cent design, featuring James’s masterful obverse and Laura’s elegant reverse, never made it to production but stands as a testament to their artistic genius. The plaster models, particularly the obverse measuring 10.5 inches in diameter with its distinctive bronze powder coating, represent the pinnacle of medallic art from one of America’s most renowned husband-and-wife design teams.

Understanding the Materials and Their Vulnerabilities

The Fraser Lincoln cent plasters present unique conservation challenges due to their composition and age. The alabaster plaster with bronze powder coating creates a delicate surface that requires specialized care. Unlike traditional coins, these artistic models are susceptible to several forms of deterioration that demand our attention.

Common Threats to Plaster and Metal-Coated Artifacts

• Environmental fluctuations: Temperature and humidity changes can cause cracking and delamination, threatening both the plaster substrate and the bronze coating
• Dust accumulation: Fine particles can embed in the porous surface, potentially causing micro-abrasions during cleaning attempts
• Handling damage: Oils from hands can stain and degrade the surface, compromising both the plaster and the metallic finish
• Light exposure: UV radiation can fade and weaken the bronze powder coating, diminishing both aesthetic appeal and numismatic value

Proper Storage Solutions for Maximum Preservation

Creating the ideal storage environment is crucial for preserving these artistic treasures for future generations. Think of it as creating a museum-quality microclimate in your own collection.

Environmental Controls

The storage area should maintain consistent temperature (65-70°F) and relative humidity (45-55%). Avoid basements, attics, or areas prone to temperature fluctuations. Use a hygrometer to monitor conditions regularly—this isn’t optional, it’s essential for maintaining the piece’s eye appeal and collectibility.

Appropriate Housing Materials

Choose archival-quality storage materials specifically designed for delicate artifacts. Your storage solution should be as thoughtfully curated as the piece itself:

• Acid-free boxes: Use museum-grade, acid-free containers that won’t off-gas harmful chemicals that could damage the bronze powder surface
• Microfiber padding: Line storage boxes with soft, non-abrasive materials to prevent any surface contact damage
• Silica gel packets: Include humidity control packets, but monitor them regularly—they’re your first line of defense against bronze disease

The Critical Issue of Toning and Oxidation

The bronze powder coating on the Fraser plasters presents unique conservation challenges. Unlike natural coin toning that many collectors prize, this artificial bronze surface requires careful management to prevent degradation that could permanently diminish the piece’s numismatic value.

Understanding Bronze Powder Deterioration

Bronze powder can develop several problematic conditions that threaten the piece’s integrity:

• Bronze disease: A form of corrosion that appears as powdery green deposits—the nemesis of any bronze artifact
• Surface oxidation: Creates an uneven, potentially damaging layer that can obscure the original artistic details
• Pitting: Small holes that can develop from chemical reactions, permanently damaging the surface

Preventive Measures

To protect against these issues and preserve both the artistic and monetary value:

1. Maintain stable humidity levels below 55%—consistency is key
2. Store in dark conditions to minimize oxidation and preserve the original patina
3. Avoid any cleaning attempts that might disturb the delicate surface—patina is part of the story
4. Document any changes through careful photography to track the piece’s condition over time

PVC Damage: A Silent Threat

While PVC damage is more commonly associated with coin holders, it’s worth noting that any plastic materials in proximity to the plaster can potentially cause harm through off-gassing. This is particularly concerning for pieces with metallic surfaces.

Identifying PVC-Related Issues

Signs of PVC damage include:

• Sticky or tacky surfaces that indicate chemical degradation
• Greenish deposits that signal active corrosion
• Unusual odors that suggest off-gassing
• Surface degradation or etching that permanently damages the piece

Safe Storage Alternatives

Always use PVC-free materials to protect your investment:

• Archival polyester sleeves (Mylar D) that won’t interact with the surface
• Acid-free paper envelopes for additional protection
• Custom-fitted archival boxes that provide both physical and environmental protection

The Eternal Question: To Clean or Not to Clean?

When it comes to the Fraser Lincoln cent plasters, the answer is unequivocally: do not clean them. This isn’t just advice—it’s a commandment for preservation.

Why Cleaning is Dangerous

Cleaning attempts can cause irreversible damage that destroys both historical and monetary value:

• Removal of original surface patina that took decades to develop naturally
• Introduction of moisture that can penetrate the plaster and cause structural damage
• Physical abrasion that removes delicate details and diminishes the piece’s eye appeal
• Chemical reactions with cleaning agents that can permanently alter the surface

Professional Conservation Only

If the plaster shows signs of deterioration, consult a professional art conservator who specializes in plaster and metal-coated artifacts. Never attempt DIY restoration methods—the risk of destroying a piece worth thousands of dollars is simply too high.

Display Considerations for Short-Term Viewing

While long-term storage should be in dark conditions, occasional display may be desirable for educational or appreciation purposes. Think of display as a temporary loan to yourself—enjoy it, but protect it.

Safe Display Practices

When displaying the Fraser plasters, treat them with the reverence they deserve:

• Use UV-filtering museum glass if framed to protect against light damage
• Limit exposure time to 2-4 weeks maximum to minimize environmental stress
• Maintain the same environmental controls as storage—display conditions matter
• Handle only with clean, white cotton gloves to prevent oil transfer

Documentation and Photography

Before any display, document the current condition through high-resolution photography. This creates a baseline for future comparison and helps track any changes over time. Think of it as creating your own conservation archive.

Insurance and Documentation

Given the significant value of these pieces (the cent plaster sold for $4,348 in 2018), proper documentation and insurance are essential. This isn’t just about protecting your investment—it’s about preserving history.

Creating a Conservation File

Maintain a comprehensive file that includes:

• Purchase documentation and provenance to establish authenticity and value
• Professional conservation reports that document the piece’s condition over time
• Environmental monitoring logs that show your commitment to proper care
• Photographic documentation over time to track any changes
• Appraisal information from qualified numismatic experts

Insurance Considerations

Work with an insurance provider who understands the unique nature of numismatic art pieces. Standard homeowners insurance typically doesn’t provide adequate coverage for such specialized items. You need coverage that recognizes both the artistic and numismatic value.

Conclusion: Preserving Artistic Heritage

The James Earl and Laura Gardin Fraser Lincoln cent design represents more than just an unrealized coin concept—it embodies the artistic vision and technical skill of two of America’s greatest medallic artists. By following proper conservation practices, collectors can ensure these pieces remain intact for future generations to study and appreciate.

Remember that preservation is an ongoing process requiring vigilance and care. The investment in proper storage, environmental controls, and professional guidance will pay dividends in maintaining the integrity and value of these remarkable artistic creations for decades to come. Your careful stewardship ensures that this piece of numismatic history continues to inspire and educate future collectors.

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