Grading the 1913-S Type 2 Buffalo Nickel: The Difference Between $10 and $1,000

The Critical Role of Condition in Buffalo Nickel Collecting

Condition is everything when it comes to buffalo nickels. A circulated 1913-S Type 2 might fetch $10-50, while an uncirculated specimen in MS65 can command $1,000 or more. The difference lies in the details: wear patterns, luster preservation, strike quality, and eye appeal. As a professional grader, I’ve examined thousands of these coins, and the 1913-S Type 2 presents unique challenges and opportunities for collectors.

Historical Context of the 1913-S Type 2

The 1913-S Type 2 buffalo nickel represents one of the key dates in the series. Struck at the San Francisco Mint, this coin features the redesigned reverse with a level mound and recessed denomination, distinguishing it from the Type 1 variety. With a mintage of just 2,105,000 pieces, it’s significantly scarcer than its Philadelphia and Denver counterparts from the same year.

Key Markers for Authentication and Grading

When examining a 1913-S Type 2, several critical areas demand attention:

• The Indian’s hair braid: This high point shows wear first and should retain full detail in uncirculated specimens
• The buffalo’s shoulder: Another high relief area that reveals circulation history
• The date and mint mark: The “S” mint mark should be fully struck and clear
• The mound and denomination: Type 2’s distinctive feature should show crisp lettering

Analyzing Wear Patterns

The wear patterns on buffalo nickels follow predictable paths due to the design’s high relief. On the 1913-S Type 2, collectors should examine:

High Point Analysis

The Indian’s cheekbone and eyebrow ridge are typically the first areas to show friction. A coin that appears uncirculated might reveal subtle rub when tilted under proper lighting. The buffalo’s horn and the hair on its head also serve as wear indicators.

Field Examination

The fields between design elements should be free of hairlines and contact marks. On the 1913-S Type 2, the area behind the buffalo’s head and the space beneath the Indian’s chin are particularly susceptible to bag marks during transport and storage.

Luster Quality Assessment

Full mint luster is the hallmark of an uncirculated buffalo nickel. The 1913-S Type 2 typically exhibits either a satiny or frosty luster, depending on the die state and striking conditions. Original luster appears as a cartwheel effect when the coin is rotated under a light source.

Luster Preservation Factors

Several factors affect luster preservation on this date:

• Mint handling procedures: Early 20th century minting techniques were less refined than today
• Bag storage: Coins stored in canvas bags often develop contact marks
• Environmental exposure: Humidity and temperature fluctuations affect toning and luster

Strike Quality Evaluation

The strike quality of the 1913-S Type 2 varies significantly due to the high relief design and the era’s minting technology. Key strike elements include:

Design Elements to Examine

The Indian’s hair braid should show individual strands, while the buffalo’s fur should display texture. The feathers in the headdress require careful examination for full definition. Weak strikes often result in mushy details, particularly on the lower left quadrant of the reverse.

Eye Appeal Considerations

Beyond technical grading, eye appeal significantly impacts a coin’s desirability and value. The 1913-S Type 2 in the discussion exhibits attractive toning, which can enhance or detract from value depending on collector preferences.

Toning Patterns

Natural toning on buffalo nickels typically develops in shades of gold, amber, and russet. The specimen shown displays a pleasing dark tone that adds character without obscuring details. Professional graders evaluate whether toning is original or artificially induced.

PCGS and NGC Grading Standards

Both major grading services employ similar standards for buffalo nickels, with slight variations in interpretation. For the 1913-S Type 2, the grading breakdown typically follows this pattern:

MS65 and Above

Coins in this range must exhibit full mint luster, sharp strike, and minimal contact marks. The surfaces should be pristine, with only microscopic imperfections visible under magnification.

MS63-MS64 Range

These coins show minor contact marks and possibly some weakness in strike. Luster remains predominantly full, though some dulling may be present on the highest points.

MS60-MS62 Range

Coins in this range display noticeable contact marks and potential strike weakness. Luster may be impaired, and some dulling is acceptable.

Value Guide for 1913-S Type 2 Buffalo Nickels

Based on current market conditions and PCGS price guide data:

Grade-to-Value Breakdown

Good to Fine (G-4 to F-12): $25-75
Very Fine to Extra Fine (VF-20 to XF-40): $75-300
About Uncirculated (AU-50 to AU-58): $300-800
Uncirculated (MS-60 to MS-62): $800-1,500
Choice Uncirculated (MS-63): $1,500-2,500
Gem Uncirculated (MS-65): $2,500-4,000
Superb Gem (MS-66): $4,000-7,000+

Authentication Considerations

The 1913-S Type 2 is frequently counterfeited or altered. Key authentication points include:

Mint Mark Examination

The “S” mint mark should be properly sized and positioned. Counterfeiters often add mint marks to common 1913 Philadelphia issues or use altered dies.

Weight and Dimensions

Authentic specimens should weigh 5 grams and measure 21.2mm in diameter. Deviations suggest counterfeits or alterations.

Building a Buffalo Nickel Collection

The collector’s goal of assembling a fully uncirculated buffalo collection is admirable and achievable with patience and proper research. The 1913-S Type 2 represents one of the cornerstone pieces for such a set.

Strategic Acquisition Tips

When building a high-grade buffalo nickel collection, consider:

• Focusing on original, untampered specimens
• Prioritizing coins with strong strikes over those with minimal marks
• Considering registry set competition if applicable
• Building relationships with reputable dealers specializing in early 20th century coinage

Conclusion: The Enduring Appeal of the 1913-S Type 2

The 1913-S Type 2 buffalo nickel remains one of the most desirable coins in American numismatics. Its combination of historical significance, relative scarcity, and beautiful design ensures continued collector interest. Whether you’re assembling a complete uncirculated set or seeking a single representative example, understanding the grading nuances discussed here will help you make informed decisions and potentially uncover undervalued specimens in the marketplace.

As demonstrated by the specimen in our discussion, even coins with attractive toning and solid technical grades can vary significantly in appearance and market appeal. The key is developing a trained eye for the subtle differences that separate a $10 coin from a $1,000 coin, and ultimately, from a true numismatic treasure.

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