Grading the 1987 Quarter: Understanding Machine Doubling vs. RPM Varieties

Introduction: The Importance of Accurate Grading

Condition is everything in numismatics. The difference between a circulated quarter and a pristine gem specimen can represent hundreds or even thousands of dollars in value. When examining a 1987 quarter, understanding the subtle distinctions between machine doubling and true die varieties becomes crucial for accurate grading and proper valuation.

Historical Context: The 1987 Washington Quarter

The 1987 Washington quarter represents an interesting transitional period in U.S. coinage. By this time, the mint had already moved to hubbed mint marks, meaning the distinguishing features were integrated into the master die rather than being punched individually. This manufacturing evolution significantly impacted the types of varieties collectors might encounter.

Manufacturing Evolution and Its Impact

Prior to 1985, mint marks were individually punched into working dies, creating opportunities for repunched mint marks (RPMs) and other anomalies. However, the hubbing process introduced in the mid-1980s changed this dynamic. The 1987 quarter, therefore, presents fewer opportunities for true RPM varieties compared to earlier issues.

Identifying Machine Doubling

Machine doubling occurs during the striking process when the die slightly shifts or bounces after initial contact with the planchet. This creates a shelf-like secondary image that appears flat and shelf-like, rather than raised and rounded like a true doubled die.

Key Characteristics of Machine Doubling

When examining the provided images of the 1987 quarter, several telltale signs indicate machine doubling rather than a collectible variety:

• Flat, shelf-like appearance: The doubled elements appear as flat shelves rather than raised, rounded features
• Inconsistent doubling: The doubling appears random and doesn’t follow the precise alignment of a true doubled die
• Limited to specific areas: Machine doubling typically affects only certain design elements rather than the entire coin

“First clue, you’re still using a scope” – This comment from the forum highlights an important point: proper examination requires appropriate magnification and lighting to distinguish between machine doubling and true varieties.

Grading Standards for 1987 Quarters

Professional grading services like PCGS and NGC employ strict standards when evaluating Washington quarters. For a 1987 quarter, the grade depends on several factors:

Wearing Patterns

The Washington quarter design features several high points that wear first:

• Washington’s hair above the ear
• The cheek and jaw line
• The eagle’s breast feathers on the reverse
• The wing tips and head of the eagle

Examine these areas carefully to determine the circulation level. Even light wear in these critical areas can drop a coin from Mint State to About Uncirculated.

Luster Quality

Original mint luster is a key factor in grading uncirculated coins. The 1987 quarter should display cartwheel luster across the fields when properly struck. Look for:

• Even, unbroken luster across the surface
• Absence of friction or rub on high points
• Consistent toning that doesn’t obscure the underlying luster

Strike Quality

The 1987 quarters were generally well-struck, but variations exist. Examine the following:

• Fully separated lines in the eagle’s feathers
• Clear definition in Washington’s hair details
• Sharp edges on the stars and lettering

Eye Appeal Considerations

Beyond technical grade, eye appeal significantly impacts a coin’s desirability and value. For the 1987 quarter, consider:

Surface Quality

Look for:

• Absence of significant marks or scratches
• Even coloration without dark spots or staining
• Clean, unblemished fields

Overall Presentation

A coin with excellent technical grade but poor eye appeal will typically sell for less than a slightly lower grade coin with exceptional eye appeal. This subjective factor often separates common coins from desirable specimens.

PCGS and NGC Grading Standards

Professional grading services use specific criteria for Washington quarters:

Mint State Grades (MS60-MS70)

For uncirculated 1987 quarters, the distinctions between grades become increasingly subtle:

• MS60: No wear, but may have contact marks and impaired luster
• MS63: Original luster, few contact marks, average eye appeal
• MS65: Above-average luster, minimal marks, strong eye appeal
• MS67+ and above: Exceptional luster, virtually mark-free, premium eye appeal

About Uncirculated Grades (AU50-AU58)

These grades represent the highest collectible range for circulated coins:

• AU50: Trace of wear on high points, most mint luster remains
• AU58: Slight friction on high points, full mint luster except in affected areas

Value Guide for 1987 Quarters

Understanding the value spectrum helps collectors make informed decisions:

Circulated Grades (G4-F12)

Most 1987 quarters in circulated condition trade near face value, with premiums only for exceptional eye appeal or unusual toning.

About Uncirculated Grades (AU50-AU58)

These coins typically range from $1-5, depending on quality and market conditions. The jump from AU58 to MS60 represents a significant value increase.

Mint State Grades (MS60-MS67+)

Value increases dramatically with grade:

• MS60-MS62: $5-15
• MS63-MS64: $15-50
• MS65: $50-150
• MS66: $150-400
• MS67: $1,000+
• MS67+: $2,000+

Authentication and Certification

For valuable specimens, particularly those in MS65 or higher, professional authentication becomes essential. PCGS and NGC provide:

• Expert examination for authenticity
• Accurate grading by multiple specialists
• Encapsulation for long-term preservation
• Market acceptance and liquidity

Conclusion: The Value of Knowledge

The 1987 quarter discussed in this forum thread, exhibiting machine doubling rather than a true variety, represents a common example of how manufacturing variations can confuse collectors. Understanding the difference between machine doubling and collectible die varieties is crucial for accurate grading and proper valuation.

While this particular coin may not represent a significant rarity, the principles discussed apply to all Washington quarters and most U.S. coinage. Careful examination of wear patterns, luster quality, strike characteristics, and overall eye appeal, combined with an understanding of manufacturing processes, enables collectors to make informed decisions and appreciate the subtle nuances that separate common coins from true treasures.

Remember that condition is indeed everything in numismatics. A well-preserved 1987 quarter in MS67 condition can be worth thousands, while the same date in circulated condition is worth only face value. The key lies in careful examination, proper grading, and an appreciation for the factors that create value in collectible coins.