Is Your 1919-S Lincoln Cent Real? Authentication Guide for Top Wheat Cent

Historical Significance

The 1919-S Lincoln cent represents one of the most captivating stories in American numismatics. Among billions of cents produced during this era, the emergence of a single specimen achieving the coveted MS69RD grade is nothing short of extraordinary. This particular coin achieved legendary status when Stewart Blay, a renowned collector known for his meticulous approach and deep knowledge, discovered it in a superb roll of 1919 cents.

Authentication Guide: Key Diagnostic Points

Weight Verification

Authentic 1919-S Lincoln cents should weigh exactly 3.11 grams, consistent with the bronze composition (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc) used during this period. Any deviation from this weight is an immediate red flag. Use a precision digital scale that measures to at least 0.01 grams for accurate verification.

Magnetic Properties Test

Since the 1919-S cent is composed of bronze, it should not be attracted to a magnet. If your coin shows any magnetic properties, it’s likely a copper-plated zinc counterfeit or another modern reproduction. This simple test can quickly eliminate many fakes.

Die Markers and Design Details

The 1919-S variety exhibits specific die characteristics that experts look for:

• Examine the sharpness of Lincoln’s portrait details, particularly around the bow tie and hair strands
• Verify the wheat ear details on the reverse – genuine coins show crisp, well-defined kernels
• Check the mint mark placement and style – the ‘S’ mint mark should be properly positioned and exhibit the correct font characteristics for 1919
• Look for the characteristic die polish lines that appear on many 1919-S specimens

Common Fakes and Counterfeits

The extraordinary numismatic value of high-grade 1919-S cents has made them a prime target for counterfeiters. The most common fakes include:

• Altered date coins from other years
• Copper-plated modern zinc cents
• Cast counterfeits that lack the sharp detail of genuine struck coins
• Altered mint marks, particularly S-mint marks added to Philadelphia issues

Professional Authentication Methods

For serious collectors, professional authentication is essential. PCGS and NGC use multiple diagnostic tools:

• Microscopic examination of surface characteristics
• Specific gravity testing to verify metal composition
• Digital imaging comparison with known genuine specimens
• Die variety attribution by expert numismatists

The Stewart Blay Discovery Story

The legendary MS69RD 1919-S cent was discovered by Stewart Blay, who submitted multiple coins from the same roll to PCGS. His original submissions revealed the exceptional quality of this find – eight coins graded MS67 and two graded MS68 initially. Upon resubmission of ten more pieces, eight achieved MS68 status, with two grading MS67.

The breakthrough came when Blay submitted five MS68 coins for review, describing one as “clearly better.” This coin received the MS69RD grade, becoming the finest known example. As Blay described it: “The coin glows in the light, has full mint bloom and frost like no other cent.”

Understanding Grade Rarity

The rarity of MS69RD examples raises important questions about grading standards and population reports. With billions of uncirculated Lincoln cents in existence, why are there so few achieving the top grades?

Several factors contribute to this rarity:

• Subjective grading standards that vary slightly between graders
• The extreme difficulty in finding coins with absolutely perfect surfaces
• The challenge of preserving original mint luster over decades
• The “one and done” nature of truly exceptional specimens

Experts note that coins initially graded MS68RD might achieve MS69 upon resubmission, particularly when submitted as part of a group where the best coin is clearly identified.

Authentication Strategy for Collectors

For collectors seeking to authenticate or potentially upgrade their 1919-S cents, consider these professional strategies:

“I’ve taken multiple strong coins of the same date and grade and bundled them together with what I thought was clearly a coin that was at least one grade higher than the others… I’ve placed the best coin at or near the end of three or four pieces and those limited times I have done this the best coin has received the grade bump to the next grade.”

This strategy, while not guaranteeing upgrades, has proven successful for certain high-grade coins. However, experts caution against applying this approach indiscriminately, especially with coins of the caliber of the MS69RD 1919-S.

Current Market and Auction Activity

The 1919-S cent continues to generate significant interest in the collector market. Recent auction activity shows these coins commanding premium prices, particularly examples with exceptional eye appeal and original surfaces. The finest known specimens, like the Blay MS69RD, represent the pinnacle of Lincoln cent collecting.

Conclusion: The Legacy of the 1919-S Cent

The 1919-S Lincoln cent stands as a testament to the thrill of discovery in numismatics. From Stewart Blay’s remarkable find to the ongoing fascination with high-grade examples, this coin embodies the passion that drives serious collectors. Whether you’re examining a potential purchase or simply appreciating the artistry of early 20th century American coinage, understanding the authentication points discussed here is essential.

Remember that authentication goes beyond simple weight and magnet tests – it requires careful examination of die characteristics, surface preservation, and comparison with known genuine specimens. For valuable coins, professional authentication remains the gold standard in verification.

The story of the 1919-S cent reminds us that even after billions have been produced, exceptional specimens still emerge, rewarding patience, knowledge, and the persistent pursuit of numismatic excellence.

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