Is Your 1920 Lincoln Cent Real? How to Spot Artificial Toning and Counterfeits

Introduction: The Toning Controversy

With counterfeits flooding the market, knowing the specific diagnostic points for this item is critical. The 1920 Lincoln cent presents a fascinating case study in authentication, particularly when dealing with artificially toned specimens. When collectors encounter coins with unusual coloration, the question isn’t just about aesthetics—it’s about authenticity and value preservation.

Historical Context of 1920 Lincoln Cents

The 1920 Lincoln cent was struck at the Philadelphia Mint, which means it carries no mint mark. This issue had a mintage of over 45 million pieces, making it relatively common in circulated grades but increasingly scarce in higher Mint State conditions. The coin features Victor David Brenner’s iconic Lincoln portrait on the obverse and the wheat ears reverse design that would remain in production until 1958.

Metal Composition and Standard Specifications

Understanding the standard specifications is crucial for authentication:

• Composition: 95% copper, 5% tin and zinc
• Weight: 3.11 grams (standard for wheat cents 1909-1982)
• Diameter: 19.05 mm
• Edge: Plain

Key Authentication Markers for 1920 Lincoln Cents

Weight Verification: The First Line of Defense

Weight is one of the most reliable authentication methods for copper coins. A genuine 1920 Lincoln cent should weigh exactly 3.11 grams ± 0.13 grams to account for normal wear and scale accuracy. Any significant deviation from this weight range should immediately raise suspicion. Counterfeiters often struggle to match the precise density of copper alloys, making weight testing an essential first step.

Magnetic Properties: Testing for Authenticity

Copper is non-magnetic, so a genuine 1920 Lincoln cent should show no attraction to magnets. This test is particularly useful for identifying modern counterfeits made from magnetic base metals with copper plating. If your coin exhibits any magnetic attraction, it’s almost certainly a fake. However, be aware that some testing equipment can be fooled by thick copper plating over magnetic cores, so weight verification remains critical.

Die Markers and Design Details

The 1920 Lincoln cent exhibits several distinctive die characteristics that experts use for authentication:

“I had not noticed the two brow lines on Lincoln’s forehead before (OP).” – Forum Member

This observation highlights the importance of examining Lincoln’s facial features carefully. The 1920 dies show specific details in Lincoln’s hair, beard, and facial contours that can help distinguish genuine specimens from counterfeits. Pay particular attention to:

• The definition of Lincoln’s cheekbone and jaw line
• The detail in the wheat ear stalks on the reverse
• The clarity of the lettering, particularly in “LIBERTY” and “IN GOD WE TRUST”
• The overall strike quality, which should be sharp for this issue

The Artificial Toning Problem

Identifying MS70 Treatment

Several forum participants identified the unusual coloration as characteristic of MS70 coin dip treatment. This chemical solution, when improperly used or allowed to react over time, can produce distinctive blue and purple toning patterns that are not natural.

“Ms 70 or blue ribbon…. color does not appear natural. The 20’s have not really toned this color blue/purple.” – Forum Member

The artificial toning from MS70 typically exhibits these characteristics:

• Irregular, splotchy coloration rather than gradual toning patterns
• Blue and purple hues that are uncommon in naturally toned copper coins
• Toning that appears to “sit on” the coin surface rather than being integrated
• Fingerprints breaking up the toning pattern, as noted by several experts

Common Toning Methods and Their Telltale Signs

Beyond MS70, other artificial toning methods include:

• Ammonia treatment: “A bath in warm water & ammonia will also result in colors like that.” – Forum Member
• Heat treatment
• Environmental acceleration techniques
• Direct chemical application

Each method leaves distinctive markers that experienced collectors can identify. The key is understanding that natural toning develops gradually over decades through specific environmental conditions, while artificial toning often shows abrupt color transitions and unusual color combinations.

Testing Methods for Authentication

Visual Inspection Under Magnification

Examine the coin under 10x magnification to check for:

• Surface disruptions that suggest chemical treatment
• Inconsistent luster patterns
• Areas where toning appears to be layered rather than naturally developed
• Evidence of cleaning or dipping

Professional Grading Considerations

The forum discussion reveals important insights about how grading services handle artificially toned coins:

“The TPG’s are very forgiving of AT these days and I suspect it has at least a 50/50 chance at a straight grade if there is any luster.” – Forum Member

This suggests that while artificial toning is generally considered a problem, grading standards have become more lenient. However, coins with obvious artificial toning may still receive details grades or be rejected entirely by more conservative services.

Comparison with Known Authentic Examples

Always compare suspect coins with verified authentic examples. The forum provides excellent examples of naturally toned coins for comparison:

“@Manorcourtman, I have an easy solution for you in the future, so you don’t have to deal with this question again. For those common date Lincolns, purchase ones like this.” – Forum Member

Common Fakes and Counterfeits

Copper-plated Zinc Counterfeits

Modern counterfeiters often use zinc cores with copper plating. These can be identified through:

• Incorrect weight (zinc is less dense than copper)
• Magnetic attraction if the core material is ferrous
• Flaking or peeling of the copper plating at edges
• Poor detail reproduction in the design

Altered Date and Mint Mark Fakes

While less common with 1920 cents (which have no mint mark), collectors should be aware of date alteration attempts on more valuable dates. Look for:

• Inconsistent font styles or spacing
• Evidence of tooling or engraving
• Disrupted metal flow around altered areas

Market Acceptability and Value Considerations

Impact of Artificial Toning on Value

The forum reveals a crucial market reality:

“TPG grade is irrelevant in this case, it will sell for a premium because of that color. That’s my definition of market acceptable.” – Forum Member

This highlights the complex relationship between technical authenticity and market demand. While artificially toned coins may not be technically “problem-free,” they can still command premiums if the toning is aesthetically appealing to collectors.

Risk Assessment for Collectors

Collectors must weigh several factors:

• Long-term preservation concerns with artificially toned coins
• Resale market limitations
• Authentication challenges for future buyers
• Personal collecting goals and standards

Conclusion: Authentication as Preservation

The 1920 Lincoln cent authentication case demonstrates why proper authentication goes beyond simple value determination—it’s about preserving numismatic history accurately. Whether dealing with artificially toned specimens or potential counterfeits, collectors must employ multiple authentication methods and understand the nuances of modern grading standards.

For the 1920 Lincoln cent specifically, remember these key points: verify weight at 3.11 grams, test for magnetic properties, examine die markers carefully, and be particularly suspicious of unusual blue and purple toning patterns that don’t match natural toning progressions. When in doubt, consult with experienced numismatists or submit to reputable grading services for professional authentication.

The hobby’s future depends on maintaining high authentication standards while acknowledging market realities. By understanding both the technical aspects of authentication and the market forces that influence collectibility, collectors can make informed decisions that protect both their investments and the integrity of the numismatic community.

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