Is Your S or O Real? How to Spot a Fake

Introduction: The Counterfeit Crisis

The numismatic market is flooded with counterfeits, making authentication skills more critical than ever. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a curious investor, knowing how to authenticate rare coins can save you from costly mistakes. Today, we’re diving deep into the authentication process for a specific coin that has sparked debate among collectors: the 1972 Philadelphia Mint Eisenhower Dollar.

Historical Significance

The 1972 Eisenhower Dollar holds a special place in American numismatic history. Minted to honor the late President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Apollo 11 moon landing, this coin represents a pivotal moment in both American politics and space exploration. The Philadelphia Mint produced these coins without a mint mark, while the San Francisco Mint (identified by an “S” mint mark) created both business strike and proof versions.

Authentication Guide: Weight and Composition

The first step in authentication is understanding the coin’s physical properties. A genuine 1972-S Eisenhower Dollar should weigh exactly 22.68 grams. This weight is consistent across all silver-clad Eisenhower Dollars from 1971-1976. When examining a potential counterfeit, even a difference of 0.1 grams can indicate a fake.

The coin’s composition is also crucial: 75% copper and 25% nickel bonded to a pure copper core. This gives the coin its distinctive silver appearance while maintaining durability. A counterfeit might use different metal ratios, resulting in incorrect weight or magnetic properties.

Magnetic Properties: A Quick Test

While Eisenhower Dollars are not magnetic due to their copper-nickel composition, some counterfeits made from steel or other magnetic materials will attract a magnet. This simple test can quickly eliminate obvious fakes. However, be aware that some sophisticated counterfeits use non-magnetic metals that pass this test, so further examination is necessary.

Die Markers and Design Details

Die markers are unique characteristics caused by imperfections or damage to the coin dies during production. For the 1972-S Eisenhower Dollar, several key die markers can help with authentication:

• Hair Detail: The hair above Eisenhower’s ear should show fine, crisp lines. Blurry or missing details often indicate a worn die or counterfeit.
• Moon Surface: On the reverse, the moon’s surface should have distinct craters and texture. Counterfeits often show this area as flat or overly smooth.
• Liberty Bell Lines: The horizontal lines on the Liberty Bell should be evenly spaced and continuous. Breaks or irregularities suggest a counterfeit.

Common Fakes and How to Spot Them

Counterfeiters typically target valuable coins, and the 1972-S Eisenhower Dollar is no exception. The most common fakes include:

• Cast Counterfeits: These show a lack of detail, especially in the fine lines of Eisenhower’s hair and the moon’s surface. They often have a rough, porous texture.
• Transfer Die Fakes: More sophisticated, these use a genuine coin to create a die. They may pass basic tests but often show slight distortions or doubled images.
• Altered Coins: Sometimes, a common 1972 Philadelphia Mint coin is altered to add an “S” mint mark. Examine the mint mark closely for signs of tampering.

Testing Methods: Beyond the Basics

While weight and magnetism are good first steps, more advanced testing methods can provide definitive authentication:

• Specific Gravity Test: This test measures the coin’s density by comparing its weight in air to its weight in water. The specific gravity of a genuine Eisenhower Dollar should be approximately 8.75.
• Eddy Current Testing: This non-destructive test uses electromagnetic fields to detect the coin’s metal composition and can identify many counterfeits.
• Microscopic Examination: Under magnification, genuine coins show specific characteristics like die polish lines and microscopic imperfections that are difficult to replicate.

Case Study: The “S or O” Mystery

A recent forum discussion highlighted the challenges of authentication. Collectors debated whether a particular coin showed an “S” or an “O” mint mark. This confusion underscores the importance of high-quality images and expert examination. In this case, the consensus was that it was indeed an “S” mint mark, but the seller’s poor feedback rating suggested caution.

This case also illustrates a common problem in online coin collecting: the reliance on low-quality images or links that may expire. Always request multiple high-resolution images from different angles before making a purchase decision.

Conclusion: The Art and Science of Authentication

Authenticating coins like the 1972-S Eisenhower Dollar is both an art and a science. It requires a keen eye for detail, knowledge of the coin’s history and specifications, and sometimes specialized equipment. By understanding weight, magnetic properties, die markers, and common fakes, you can protect yourself from counterfeits and build a collection you can be proud of.

Remember, when in doubt, consult with a professional numismatist or submit the coin to a reputable grading service. The peace of mind and potential increase in value often make this investment worthwhile. Happy collecting!