Preserving Your Lincoln Cent Collection: A Conservationist’s Guide to Proper Storage

The Legacy of Your Lincoln Cent Collection

I’ve seen too many valuable pieces ruined by improper cleaning or storage. Here is how to keep this safe for the next generation.

Understanding Lincoln Cent Composition and Vulnerability

Lincoln cents, minted from 1909 to present, have undergone several composition changes that affect their preservation needs. The bronze cents (1909-1982) consist of 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc, while the zinc-coated steel cents of 1943 and the copper-plated zinc cents (1982-present) each present unique preservation challenges.

Copper’s Natural Enemies

Copper naturally reacts with environmental factors, leading to toning and oxidation. While some collectors appreciate the aesthetic of natural toning, uncontrolled oxidation can damage your coins permanently. The 1922 Plain cent in Bill Jones’s collection, for example, shows how environmental exposure affects even well-preserved pieces over decades.

The PVC Threat: Recognizing and Preventing Damage

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most destructive elements for coin preservation. Found in many older plastic holders and flips, PVC breaks down over time, releasing acidic gases that cause irreversible green slime damage to coins.

Identifying PVC Damage

Look for these warning signs:

• Green, sticky residue on the coin surface
• Cloudy appearance on the holder’s interior
• Brittle or cracked plastic holders

“The 1909-S-VDB was graded VF-20 on the ANACS papers. When I had NGC grade it years later, it came in as an EF-45.” – Bill Jones

Proper Storage Solutions for Lincoln Cents

Choosing the Right Holders

For long-term preservation, consider these options:

Archival-Quality Holders

Modern coin holders made from inert materials like Mylar, polyethylene, or polypropylene provide excellent protection. These materials won’t react with your coins or degrade over time.

Albums vs. Individual Holders

While albums like the Library of Coins album mentioned by Bill Jones offer organized display, individual holders provide superior protection. For particularly valuable pieces like the 1909-S-VDB or 1922 Plain, individual holders are recommended.

Environmental Control

Store your collection in a controlled environment:

• Temperature: 65-70°F (18-21°C)
• Humidity: 45-55%
• Avoid direct sunlight and fluorescent lighting
• Use silica gel packets to control moisture

To Clean or Not to Clean: The Conservationist’s Perspective

The Case Against Cleaning

Professional conservators overwhelmingly recommend against cleaning valuable coins. Cleaning can:

• Remove the natural patina that develops over time
• Scratch the surface, reducing value
• Introduce harmful chemicals
• Make the coin appear unnatural to experienced collectors

“As a dealer I’d buy key date, frequently counterfeited coins raw if I knew they were real, but you have to deduct the grading and shipping fees plus an allowance for ‘unpleasant grading surprises’ from the grading companies.” – Bill Jones

When Cleaning Might Be Necessary

In rare cases where a coin has harmful deposits or PVC residue, professional conservation may be warranted. Always consult a professional before attempting any cleaning.

Special Considerations for Key Dates

The 1909-S V.D.B.

This iconic coin requires extra care due to its historical significance and value. The composition of 95% copper makes it particularly susceptible to environmental damage.

The 1922 Plain

Bill Jones’s EF-45 example demonstrates how proper storage preserves detail. The coin’s history, tied to the Pittman Act of 1918 and its effect on die production, makes it a fascinating piece that deserves protection.

The 1955 Doubled Die

While some debate its inclusion in a complete set, this variety requires the same careful preservation as any other key date.

Creating a Preservation Plan

Inventory and Documentation

Maintain detailed records of your collection, including:

• Purchase dates and prices
• Grading information
• Photographic documentation
• Storage locations

Regular Inspection

Periodically examine your collection for signs of deterioration:

• Check holders for cracks or degradation
• Look for toning changes
• Verify that environmental controls are functioning

Insurance and Security

For collections of significant value, consider:

• Specialized coin insurance
• Secure storage in a safe or safety deposit box
• Detailed photographic documentation for insurance purposes

Conclusion: Preserving History for Future Generations

Bill Jones’s 66-year journey to complete his Lincoln cent collection represents not just a personal achievement, but a preservation of American numismatic history. From the 1909-S-VDB purchased with ANACS papers in 1983 to the 1922 Plain acquired at a local coin show, each piece tells a story that deserves protection.

By following proper conservation practices – using appropriate holders, controlling environmental factors, avoiding cleaning, and maintaining detailed records – you ensure that your collection remains a valuable historical resource for generations to come. Remember, the goal is not just to own these pieces of history, but to preserve them in the best possible condition for future collectors and historians.

As the numismatic community continues to debate what constitutes a “complete” set, one thing remains clear: proper preservation is essential regardless of which coins you choose to include. Whether you’re just starting your Lincoln cent collection or adding that final key date, the principles of conservation remain the same – protect, preserve, and pass on the legacy.

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